The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical form of starter and alfalfa hay (AH) provision on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites of Holstein dairy calves. Forty-four 3d-old Holstein dairy calves with a mean starting BW of 39.9 ± 1.1 kg were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The factors were dietary forage level (0 or 150 g kg-1</sup...

Choices made by nutritionists and milk replacer manufacturers of nutrient levels and milk replacer ingredients, coupled with choices by calf feeders about feeding rate and calf body weight, largely determine calf growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion, and cost of gain. These choices also largely determine later feedlot performance and carcass composition. For example, early calf nutrition ...

The Apgar score is widely used in maternity hospitals all over the world as best method for clinical evaluation of newborn right after delivery. importance both human medicine and veterinary developed by Virginia becomes unquestionable. In medicine, studies that have been carried out an effective aid identification risk neonates. this study, was to assess 12 calves their first 24 hours life. Of...

safety and beneficence of farm animal nutrition plays a great role in their healthy life which in turn have impact on human nutrition via diary or meat products. assessing safety and beneficence of vicia varibilis freyn and sint. which is chosen intrinsically by domesticated animals of kohgiluyehand boyerahmad iranis the aim of the present work. our results not only show no cytotoxic activity i...

Calf mortality is highest during the first six months of life. Added to this is the losses to the industry caused by around 50,000 breeding cows (1.4% of the U.K total) dying at calving, mainly as a result of dystocia. Scouring is the most common disease in young calves and, as a result, is the greatest single cause of death in calves, accounting for almost 50% of all calf deaths. Scouring in c...

Safety and beneficence of farm animal nutrition plays a great role in their healthy life which in turn have impact on human nutrition via diary or meat products. Assessing safety and beneficence of Vicia varibilis Freyn and Sint. Which is chosen intrinsically by domesticated animals of Kohgiluyehand Boyerahmad Iranis the aim of the present work. Our results not only show no cytotoxic activity i...

Dairy calves are extremely susceptible to gastro-intestinal disease during the preweaned period. The risk for disease decreases as the calf ages; therefore, I think it is important to break the pre-weaned period up into at least 2 distinct phases that likely need to be managed differently, early life (1 and maybe the 2 week of life) and the remaining time the calf is fed fluid (milk or milk rep...